Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic, progressive hepatobiliary disease and a significant area of gastroenterological and hepatological research focused on understanding its complex pathogenesis, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts leading to strictures, cholestasis, and ultimately liver failure. This field investigates the underlying genetic, environmental, and immunological factors driving the disease, explores diagnostic modalities and prognostic markers, and endeavors to develop effective therapeutic strategies to slow progression and improve patient outcomes.